The mass of a neutron is nearly equal to the mass of a proton that is 1u(1Dalton) that is ( 1 u = 1. Neutrons are neutral.There is no charge.ģ. Neutrons are present in the nucleus of an atom.Ģ. The mass of a proton is approximately 1u(1Dalton) that is ( 1 u = 1. Protons are positively charged that is ( 1. Protons are present in the nucleus of an atom.Ģ. It revolves around the nucleus in the discrete orbit.ġ. It is 1800 times less than that of a hydrogenĥ. The mass of an electron is considered to negligible. Electrons are negatively charged that is ( 1. Electrons are present outside the nucleus of an atom.Ģ. These nucleus contain subatomic particles like protons and neutrons.ĭifference between subatomic particles are as follows :ġ. According to modern atomic theory, an atom has a nucleus, which is present in its center or core. That means all the matters are made up of these fundamental particles. Mass number(A) = number of proton + number of neutrons = 6 + 6 =12.ĭ.Subatomic particles : A subatomic particle is a structural and functional unit of the matter. It is denoted by A.įor example : Carbon atom its, Number of proton = 6Ītomic number(Z) = number of protons = number of electrons = 6. Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons. It can be seen that valency of an element is related to number of valence electrons in that atom.Ĭ.Atomic Mass Number : It is the sum of total number of protons and neutrons present in a nucleus.Ītomic mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons.Ītomic number = number of protons = number of electrons. It is not necessary that all the valence electrons take part in bonding.įor example: Na(11) = 2,8,1 So, its number of valence electron is 1Ĭl(17) = 2,8,7 So its number of valence electron is 7 Number of valence electron : It is defined as the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom. It gives idea about the number of electrons loss or gain in order to achieve the nearest noble gas configuration.įor example: Na(11) = 2,8,1 So, its valency is 1 Valency of an atom is determined by its electronic configuration. It is the combining power of an atom of the element. Valency of an element : It is the number of electrons of an atom of the element uses to combine with atoms of other elements. States that nucleus is composed of protons and neutronsī. Indicates that an atom has a central solid core called as nucleus surrounded by the electronsĭoes not give any idea about constituents of nucleus Indicates that atom is spherical in shape States that electrons are located around a central solid material States that electrons are uniformally distributed in an atom States that an atom is composed of an atomic nucleus around which electrons are revolving in an orbitĭoes not give any detail about the atomic nucleus States that electron are embedded in a positively charged solid material which is spherical in shape
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